Taxation Law Mobilization and Trade Integration

Question: Talk about the Taxation Law for Mobilization and Trade Integration. Answer: Presentation: Segment 6-5 of Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1997 contains pay according to customary ideas. A person, who is an Australian occupant, is required to evaluate the available pay by including conventional earnings gained legitimately or by implication from various wellsprings of pay. Common pay with the end goal of assessment is gotten from three sources, initially, pay from individual endeavors that incorporates compensation or compensation pay and wages pay. Besides, pay from resources and properties including rental pay from property, profits and intrigue salary from offers and protections are remembered for customary pay. Thirdly, common pay additionally remembers pay from leading a business activity for the type of retail deals, discount, cultivating and so on (Fleischer, 2015). In the current case, Peta claimed a house in Kew, Australia with the end goal of living arrangement in one unit and the other unit for example tennis court with the end goal of offer at benefit. During the current expense year, Peta got a proposal to sell the courts at great condition. She burned through $100,000 for the remodel of tennis court and sold it at $600,000 in the current expense year. According to the clarifications on assessable pay in ITAA97, offer of property is viewed as a normal pay on the off chance that it establishes a business of the citizen. Further, if the goal of the citizen at the hour of securing the property isn't to acquire benefit from the offer of the advantage then the benefit on continues can't be considered as standard salary (Grubert Altshuler, 2016). Considering the chose instance of The Myer Emporium Ltdv. FC of T (1987) 163 CLR 199 characterization of benefit discounted of property had been concluded by the nature and motivation behind the exchange. In the event that the property is sold out with the benefit making expectation then the receipt deal continues can't be viewed as income pay. In like manner, the benefit earned from the deal continues would be considered as capital salary and not normal pay under area 6-5 of ITAA97 (Auerbach Hassett, 2015). Further, in the chose instance of Whitfords Beach Pty. Ltd. v. FC of Taxation (1982) 150 CLR 355 it has been contended that a simple winning of benefit from venture can't be called as pay. On the off chance that the citizen understands the deal continues of the benefit or interest in a manner to get best value then likewise the pay would not be considered as common salary. In this manner, such salary would be considered as legal or capital pay that isn't assessable under area 6-5 of ITAA97 (Ho Wang, 2015). In the current circumstance, salary from offer of property unit, tennis court offers ascend to two circumstance, right off the bat, expectation and motivation behind Peta to sell the property and also, nature of the property exchange. It is referenced that the motivation behind securing of the house was to assemble and sell the units in tennis court at a benefit. Despite what might be expected, the advantage obtained by Peta additionally comprises speculation as the other piece of the house she utilized for private reason. Considering the chose instance of McCorkell v. FC of Taxation98 ATC 2199 on benefit from offer of partitioned land, it was chosen by the court that since the candidate was not engaged with the matter of region and offer of land, the acknowledgment of benefit was not a common salary (Mehrotra Ott, 2016). So also, if there should be an occurrence of Peta, it has been seen that she isn't engaged with carrying on a business of development and offer of lodging units. Then again, her goal of securing of the house two years back was to win benefit from offer of units of house. Thus, on the off chance that the idea of procurement of house property by Peta is thought of, at that point, the offer of tennis unit would not be viewed as a conventional pay under segment 6-5 ITAA 97. The receipt of $600,000 would be established as capital receipt and not to be remembered for the assessable pay. In any case, if the aim and reason for obtaining of property by Peta is given the need, at that point the receipt of $600,000 will be remembered for the assessable pay as a standard receipt under segment 6-5 ITAA 97. The measure of $600,000 would be evaluated for taxability by considering the conclusion on costs $100,000 acquired by Peta to redesign the tennis court in great condition. Henceforth, the parit y sum $500,000 would be available in the possession of Peta according to ITAA97 segment 6-5. Results of Fringe Benefit Tax The current arrangement mirrors the results of Fringe Benefit Tax according to the Taxation Ruling 97/17 of Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1997. The results are additionally in compatibility with Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986 for the year finishing 31st March 2016 in the books of ABC Pty Ltd. which gave a few advantages his worker Alan. Incidental advantage implies certain favorable circumstances and advantages gave by business to the representatives of the association (Nijland Dijst, 2015). Business is subject to pay charge on such advantages at the rate indicated by the Australian Taxation Office that is processed on the gross-available worth gave to the workers. So as to decide the available worth, two kinds of gross up rates are considered for example higher gross-up rates knows as type 1 while the other is lower net up rate known as type 2 (Hodgson Pearce, 2015). Higher gross up rate or type 1 is pertinent to the assessees paying Goods and Services Tax (GST) for the advantages gave by them to the workers. Such citizens are qualified for guarantee credit on GST, which is known as Gross Credible Benefits. Despite what might be expected, lower net up rate or type 2 is relevant to the citizens not qualified for guarantee credits on GST against the advantages gave to the representatives (Ahmad Scott, 2015). Besides, a few advantages that are given by the associations or bosses to the workers are absolved advantages while certain advantages are available if the estimation of advantages surpasses as far as possible in the ITAA 97. For example installment of compensation and wages, benefits gave on house lease stipend in remote zone apparatuses and electronic contraptions including cell phones that are identified with work, and PCs are not available (Tang Wan, 2015). Along these lines, the incidental advantage charge ramifications for the points of interest gave by ABC Pty Ltd. are as per the following: Compensation $300,000 under compensation bundle: It is available in the possession of the representative Mr. Alan, during the current duty year 31st March 2016. Since the installment of compensation by manager falls under the absolved incidental advantage plot, ABC isn't subject to pay incidental advantage charge on pay $300,000 according to TR97/17 ITAA 97. Installment of cell phone charge: The installment of bill added up to $220 every month made by ABC Limited that included GST while the telephone was utilized by Alan with the end goal of work as it were. Exclusion on cell phone cost is accessible while the ordinary installment of bill sum isn't absolved from incidental advantage charge (Chadarava Raval, 2015). Hence, ABC Limited is obligated to pay incidental advantage charge @49% on the assessable incentive for the year finished 31st March 2016. Further, higher gross up rate would be relevant to decide the assessable worth on the grounds that the organization is qualified for guarantee input credits. Telephone charge stipend (counting GST) (I) $ 2,640.00 ($220.00* a year) Higher Gross up rate (ii) 2.1463 Available measure of stipend (i* ii) $ 5,666.232 Assessment on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 5,666.232 as on 31 March, 2016 $ 2,776.453 (Subject to the information charge credits or GST credits) Installment of Alans kids instruction expenses: The Company made yearly installment added up to $20,000 for the training charges, which does exclude GST. Thinking about the TR97/17 ITAA 97, the installment would be available as incidental advantage duty to be surveyed by applying lower net up rate. Instruction expenses (GST free) (I): $ 20,000.00 Lower net up rate (ii): 1.9608 Available worth (i* ii) $ 39,216.00 Assessment on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 39,216.00 as on 31 March 2016 $ 19,215.84 Cell phone handset: ABC Limited gave a portable handset to Alan values $2,000 that incorporates GST. As indicated by the arrangements in FBTAA 1986 and TR97/17 ITAA97, benefits furnished by boss as for instruments or electronic devices for work reason, at that point estimation of such advantages or favorable position will be excluded from the taxability of incidental advantages (Jibrin, Ejura Augustine, 2015). In the current circumstance, it isn't plainly referenced that the versatile handset gave by ABC Ltd. to Alan has been accommodated work reason or individual use or for both reason. Henceforth, the expense result has been given thinking about all the three circumstances: Alternative 1: If the telephone has been given by the association to just work reason then ABC Ltd. isn't at risk to pay charge on the estimation of telephone since it falls under the absolved incidental advantage conspire. Alternative 2: If the telephone has been accommodated individual utilize then the assessable worth would be dictated by utilizing higher gross up rate on the grounds that the expense of handset in comprehensive of GST. Cost of the handset (counting GST) (I) $ 2,000.00 Higher Gross up rate (ii) 2.1463 Available worth (i* ii) $ 4,292.60 Expense on Fringe Benefit @ 49% on $ 4,292.60 as on 31 March 2016 $ 2,103.37 (Subject to the info charge credits or GST credits) Choice 3: If the telephone is accommodated halfway use for work and incomplete for individual utilize then the sum utilized for work would be absolved from incidental advantage charge while sum for individual utilize would be available. In any case, the bifurcation of the sum is given subsequently, it has been expected that the telephone is utilized for individual reason. Hence, the assessable worth and available sum would be same as decided in the alternative 2. Evening gathering at the year-end: The Company orchestrated an evening gathering for the workers and their accomplices toward the finish of the budgetary year at a nearby eatery. As per Australian Taxation System, this use made by ABC Ltd falls under

Improving Data Transparency in Clinical Trials

Question: Examine about the Improving Data Transparency in Clinical Trials. Answer: Presentation: The square chains are the dispersed databases keeping up nonstop development of records requested in records called squares. It is the open record of each Bitcoin exchanges which have been executed. The finished squares are joined to it prompting consistent increment in size of the square chains. These squares have been forced over the blockchain in sequential request and direct way. The examination would be directed around Bitcoins. The bitcoins has been created as remunerations in rivalries where clients offer intensity of processing to validate and record move of information into square chains. The investigation would not uncover some other cases bolstered by the square chains like brilliant agreements and the permitting. The investigation would portray the examination. At that point the assessment of the commitment of square chains with bitcoins has been talked about. A model to animate has been created with its impediments and legitimizations. In conclusion end has been drawn on the key discoveries fitting to the examination. From the outset the subject blockchain innovation in Bitcoin is characterized. At that point the zone of blockchain innovation in Bitcoin is unfurled. The territories that are not to be remembered for this exploration are referenced. In conclusion the general discoveries from blockchain innovation in Bitcoin are uncovered. In the following area, the savage of the survey has been depicted. In the wake of depicting the examination, assessment is done on the commitment of the exploration that has been done to the territory. Next the impediments of blockchain innovation in Bitcoin are appeared. Finally the segment finishes by referencing the estimations of the confinements in the task. At that point the best answer for the current circumstance is given. It significant highlights are examined. Its quality and commitment to the given research field is dissected. A model is drawn animating it. Ultimately end is drawn upon the key discoveries from the audit of blockchain innovation in Bitcoi n. Research portrayal: Boyd Carr, (2016) inquired about that Blockchain is the decentralized strategy for information exchange in information the executives. It was first intended for the Bitcoin digital money. The enthusiasm for this field started since the thought has been instituted in the time of 2008. The purpose for this was its center qualities giving information trustworthiness, secrecy and security. This has been done without an outsider association that could deal with its exchanges. In this way it made alluring regions of research. This has been particularly from the view purpose of impediments and specialized difficulties. A precise mapping of the examination with the point of social occasion each pertinent research on the innovation of lock-chain is set. The primary point has been the comprehension of the current difficulties, future headings and subjects of the examination. Different online diaries are examines. That show center around the Bitcoin frameworks. The vast majority of the examinat ions has been managing uncover and improve of the Blockchains from the security and protection see focuses. A few of the proposed arrangements have been inadequate with regards to solid conversation on the adequacy. Numerous versatility of Block-chain including the dormancy and throughput has been kept unstudied. Assessment of the commitment of the research:The commitment of the examination has been intriguing to watch where it has been going. Bitcoin has numerous considerations in cryptographic money. As per Gbel et al. (2016) additional individuals has been purchasing and exchanging Bitcoins every day. Thus it has been pivotal as an exploration point. The exploration would draw in the scholarly world and ventures to continue further investigates from both the specialized and business points of view. The Bitcoin has been the main answer for use the Blockchain innovation. There has been different cryptographic forms of money at present who have been offering rivalry to Bitcoin. The future looks into from this examination may likewise include different cryptographic forms of money. The audit would not just assistance in concentrating on Bitcoin and the different digital forms of money yet in addition feature applications conceivable using the arrangement of blockchain. Using of decentralized s ituation like the portion of virtual properties could be a commitment of the exploration. This would upset the methodology where the associations would sell the items. Gipp, KostiBreitinger (2016) states that as the arrangements of blockchain are utilized for additional clients, it would value the audits like this done on the specialized difficulties and restrictions. The expansion in sizes and bases of clients has activated to direct this sort of explores identifying with the adaptability. Additionally, the exploration will leave its effect on the protection and security concerns. This would bring forth developments of new regions to forestall the unsettling influence on blockchains. Impediments of the research:The orderly mapping of the examination would empower the comprehension of the current holes in the exploration. Crosby et al., (2016) state thatone of the basic impediments on the investigation is identifying with the distribution inclination. It alludes that the issue that the positive results are to be distributed more than that of the negative ones. This is on the grounds that that the negative set aside much effort to get distributed. Besides, they have been less refered to in the distributions. Other constraint has been the choice inclination. It alludes to the mutilation of the measurable investigation. This has been attributable to the pre-owned standards for choosing the distributions. Finally the there has been impediment with respect to mistake the extraction of information and the misclassification. This shows the chance of extraction of information distinctively by different commentators. Significance of the exploration holes in the project:As examined by Zheng et al., (2016) this ID of orderly mapping of the examination would support the specialists and the scientists to focus on inquire about regions that need more investigates. The looking for of the holes of research would answer the unanswered inquiries in the current innovation of blockchain. The tending to of the distribution issue has brought the use of different logical databases. This is done inside the hunt conventions to look for most extreme number of papers. This has raised the amount of papers found for this examination alongside raising the likelihood to look for the papers with negative results. In any case, the Blockchain advancement has been considered as another subject in the product designing industry. It has been additionally dispersed as white papers inside the organizations. In this way, all investigation drove on the particular viewpoints on Blockchain couldn't been fused in this mapping stud y. Regardless, by utilizing simply intelligent databases as hotspots for finding noteworthy research, papers are accumulated of higher caliber. The issue of choice inclination has been tended to by the creating o cautious pursuit conventions. Pilot searches should be possible on different catchphrases guaranteeing what has been closed from the investigation. Thorough measures for incorporation and the prohibition could be characterized structure this. This would guarantee that each paper chose has been the segment of the exploration subject (Bracamonte, Yamasaki Okada, 2016). The greater part of the inquires about identifying with the square chain have been pertinent to the guideline, legitimate and financial elements of Bitcoin with the chance of its digital money. The current chose arrangement, best case scenario: The arrangement is the information extraction and mapping process. Matzuttet al., (2016) asserted is intended to accumulate information required to address the questions of research in this audit. The information things gathered are the fundamental data with respect to the examination. It incorporates the targets and significant discoveries from the examination. It assists with sorting out and survey the information. The choice and search results are found from the procedure. There has been the Prisma-Flow model gave the procedure. Numerous diaries have been recovered at first as the pursuit convention structured has been enlisted to the logical databases chose. The underlying round on the incorporation and the rejection has been lying based on the titles of the papers recovered. Different papers prohibited have been talked about from the business see purpose of Bitcoin. They have not been remembered for the investigation. Recovery of various papers applicable to other logical fields where the Blockchain has another definition than innovation in software engineering is finished. The most significant highlights have been the recognizable proof of security, squandered assets, ease of use and protection. These have been acceptable because of the ID of trading property of Bitcoin. This has caused financial damage for the customers. This fit into the exploration was said by Karame (2016). This is on the grounds that there is an extent of acquainting the review programming with increment the convenience in the Bitcoin trades. The point of this product has been to conclude the dissolvability of trade members. This should be possible without the distribution of significant information. There has been association between the purchaser and the merchant with constrained layer for namelessness. This forestalls the purchasers to discover and approve information in Bitcoin. Various models could be introduced through which the rating or notoriety could be forced conjoining the exchanges of Bitcon. This thinks about each genius and cons. These angles could be improved. This should be possible on the system of Bitcoin. Along these lines the convenience is improved conveying additional information for clients who have been making exchanges. Limitations:Colombo (2016) contends that the innovation of square chain has certain difficulties that are distinguished through the survey. A few specialized impediments distinguished in adjusting the innovation of square chain in future are throughput, inactivity, transfer speed and size, security, squandered assets, ease of use and forming with hard forks and various chains. They have been the impediments for specific reasons. The potential issues throughput in the system of Bitcoin by and by gets boosted to execute

5 Benefits Of Organic Link Building

5 Benefits Of Organic Link Building Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Benefits Of Organic Link BuildingUpdated On 26/12/2011Author : Ryan CoteTopic : SEOShort URL : http://hbb.me/12JKfAg CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogOrganic link building is considered by many to be the best way to get backlinks to your blog or website. In this process, you develop anchor text links pointing to your website to drive the traffic to your business. An organic link is a link from someone else’s site with or without an explicit agreement to exchange links.The process of organic link building can be very simple and easy. All you need to do is to produce great content that is worth sharing with your readers or followers and update it on a regular basis. You can insert links to your website within the content of the article or list them as a reference at the end of your content to get indexed by popular search engines such as Yahoo, Google and Bing.More W ays To Get LinksIn addition to content you put on your site you can get links by putting content on other stes.You can place content with your links on other blogs with guest blogging.You can use article directories.Content can be placed on Web 2 and social network sites.Publishing to Wikis can help you build links.Blog commenting and Forum participating in good as long as you do not spam.  There are numerous benefits of organic link building1) Organic links help you get wider search engine exposure and drive targeted traffic to your business. When someone searches a text phrase, the search engine gets him or her websites related to that keyword. If he or she browses the website that has backlinks to your home page from an organic link built by that webmaster, the user is presented with the links that lead to your webpage.READ3 Recipes For Effective Search Engine Optimization2)  Organic links help make your business popular among millions by increasing awareness, visibility and cred ibility of your website. Good content based linking usually sends direct traffic as well.3)  Organic links from distributed content is an effective way to establish your identity and maintain your reputation in your niche.4) Each organic link is a vote for your site because search engines’ bots not only follow the links on primary websites, but they also consider the links from the related sites.5) Remember that the page rank is an indicator of your website status. Status means how search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing perceive your website. Having a lot of links posted towards your site will have a positive effect on your page rank. The more organic links you have to your webpage, the higher will be your page rank.This article is written by Ryan Cote. He is a Project Manager for Ballantine Digital, a NJ social media agency, and is responsible for overall operations and client campaigns. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

Racial Profiling Chicago 12 Essay - 3081 Words

RACIAL PROFILING IN CHICAGO 12 Racial Profiling In Chicago Loyola University Chicago Introduction Racial profiling is a discriminatory act committed by law enforcement officials in which individuals are targeted and discriminated against based on race, religion, culture or any criteria which defines a person. Racial profiling is based around the suspicion of crime where officers turn to designated characteristics they believe to be associated with certain groups of people that commit misconducts. It is a major problem in Chicago as it affects minorities which reside in often poverty stricken neighborhoods while also effecting minorities living in middle-class areas around the city. Racial profiling is a major issue because not only does it lead to unfair discrimination against a certain group of people; it violates the main foundation of what the Constitution of the United States was discovered upon. The United States was found on the grounds that all people have equal protection under the law of the nation and that each person is entitled to the 4th amendment with r egards to being secure ?in their persons and houses? against unreasonable searches and seizures. It also continues to increase the distance of collaboration between communities and law enforcement, ruining policing efforts in the process while losing the trust of the citizens in the city. This paper will touch on the historical perspective of how racial profiling came to be an issueShow MoreRelatedStop-and-Frisk Research Paper1050 Words   |  5 PagesStop-and-Frisk: Cleaning up the Streets, or Racial Profiling at its Finest? Taryn Konkler Introduction to Law Enforcement Professor Michael Glendon Imagine innocently walking down the street in a city you’ve lived in your whole life, when all of a sudden you hear the dreaded â€Å"woop woop† and see those flashing red and blue lights. The police. They interrogate you, ask your whereabouts, and finally, they â€Å"frisk† you. Of course, they find nothing; they rarelyRead MoreAmerican History: Racial Profiling and Bias in The Media 905 Words   |  4 Pagesused to change one’s opinion on the way they may think of a particular race. Still today the media influences our mind, however many believe due to media bias and racial profiling will affect how â€Å"fair† their trial will be. In fact in today’s society, citizens in the United States are unable to gain a fair trial due to racial profiling, and bias in the media. Since early in American history, those who were not white were perceived to be non-American. Non-whites were treated as if they were inferiorRead MorePolice Brutality and Profiling1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthey do not know if they will ever see their family again after they drive out of their house in the morning, others might say every officer knows what they were signing up for so they should not be pitied. 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Is it correct for Police Officers to stop a black driver for an alleged traffic offense to question and sometimes search the black driver? These questions provoke the need to understand rac ial profiling and racism along with what problems are involved and the possible solutions. Doesnt the use of race make sense? Isnt it really just good police work? The guarantee to all persons of equal protection under the law is one of the most fundamentalRead MoreRacial Profiling : A Method Of Spotting And Stopping Drug Traffickers2342 Words   |  10 PagesTaylor Anderson Acc. Academic Literacy Mr. Dakin 17 November 2014 Racial Profiling by Police Ever since the late 1970 s profiling was associated with a method of spotting and stopping drug traffickers. The profiling provided not only a quick way to see evidence of concealment in the vehicle, but included age and race characteristics of possible drivers (Data Collection Resource Center). The controversy is over whether or not there are a disproportionate number of blacks and Hispanics involved withRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Effects On American Society2621 Words   |  11 PagesEver since the late 1970 s profiling was associated with a method of interdicting drug traffickers (Data Collection Resource Center, n.d., para 3). The profiling provided not only a quick way to see evidence of concealment in the vehicle, but included age and race characteristics of possible drivers (Data Collection Resource Center, n.d., para 3). The controversy is over whether or not there are a disproportionate number of blacks and Hispanics involved with law enforcement that reflects police

The Tenor of a Metaphor, a Rhetorical Term

In a metaphor, the tenor is the principal subject illuminated by the vehicle (that is, the actual  figurative expression). The interaction of tenor and vehicle evokes the meaning of the metaphor. Another word for tenor is topic. For example, if you call a lively or outspoken person a firecracker (The guy was a real firecracker, determined to live life on his own terms), the aggressive person is the tenor and firecracker is the vehicle. The terms vehicle  and  tenor  were introduced by British  rhetorician  Ivor Armstrong Richards in  The Philosophy of Rhetoric  (1936). [V]ehicle and tenor in cooperation, said Richards, give a meaning of more varied powers than can be ascribed to either. Examples The main elements of metaphorical equations such as Life is a walking shadow are often referred to as tenor (thing we are talking about) and vehicle (that to which we are comparing it).   Ground . . . denotes the link between tenor and vehicle (i.e., common properties; Ullmann 1962: 213). Thus, in the metaphor  Ã‚  Life is a walking shadow, life represents the tenor, walking shadow the vehicle, and transience the ground.Alternative terminologies abound. Popular alternatives for tenor and vehicle are target domain and source domain, respectively.(Verena Haser,  Metaphor, Metonymy, and Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive  Semantics. Walter de Gruyter, 2005)Tenor and Vehicle in William Staffords RecoilIn William Staffords poem Recoil, the first stanza is the vehicle and the second stanza is the tenor:The bow bent remembers home long,the years of its tree, the whineof wind all night conditioningit, and its answer-- Twang!To the people here who would fret me downthei r way and make me bend:By remembering hard I could startle for homeand be myself again.Tenor and Vehicle in Cowleys The WishIn the first stanza of Abraham Cowleys poem â€Å"The Wish,† the tenor is the city and the vehicle is a beehive:Well then! I now do plainly seeThis busy world and I shall neer agree.The very honey of all earthly joyDoes of all meats the soonest cloy;And they, methinks, deserve my pityWho for it can endure the stings,The crowd and buzz and murmurings,Of this great hive, the city. I.A. Richards on Tenor and Vehicle We need the word metaphor for the whole double unit, and to use it sometimes for one of the two components in separation from the other is as injudicious as that other trick by which we use the meaning here sometimes for the work that the whole double unit does and sometimes for the other component--the tenor, as I am calling it--the underlying idea or principal subject which the vehicle or figure means. It is not surprising that the detailed analysis of metaphors, if we attempt it with such slippery terms as these, sometimes feels like extracting cube-roots in the head.​(I.A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 1936)​[I.A. Richards] understood metaphor as a series of shifts, as borrowings back and forth, between tenor and vehicle. Hence, in 1936, his famous definition of metaphor as a transaction between contexts.Richards justified coining tenor, vehicle, and ground to clarify the terms of that transaction. . . . The two parts had been called by such loaded locutions as the original idea and the borrowed one; what is really being said or thought of and what it is compared to; the idea and the image; and the meaning and the metaphor. Some theorists refused to concede how much idea was imbedded in, drawn from the image. . . . With neutral terms a critic can proceed to study the relations between tenor and vehicle more objectively.(J. P. Russo, I.A. Richards: His Life and Work. Taylor, 1989) Pronunciation: TEN-er

Identity in the Workplace Creates Gender Inequality

As the nation’s gender inequality continues to diminish, things like sports stereotypes, and labour force conflict cannot be understood without understanding the term of identity. Identity work is explained by Schwalbe and Mason-Schrock in 1996 as â€Å"anything people do, individually or collectively, to give meaning to themselves or others† (as cited in Ezzell, 2009, p. 1). I propose to examine inequality based on gender identity and in depth the process of stereotype issues, - how people construct stereotypes in gender inequality in the context of sport- among women Rugby. The academic literatures are based on gender identity/ inequality, where it provides many examples of individuals deflecting the norms â€Å"by ... creat[ing] a unique identity as heterosexy-fit— simultaneously tough, heterosexual, and conventionally attractive† (Ezzell, 2009, p. 14). By deflecting/ creating an exception to these norms, it only creates greater issues as not only does society view them in a certain way, but also the player themselves. The overarching goal of the proposal is to address the social issue and understand why society to this date gives harsh views towards women’s rugby with a common stereotypical view. These views were described by Ezzell (2009) who conducted a personal communication with some female rugby players who stated that other views them as: â€Å"scary, butch lesbians,† â€Å"she-males,† â€Å"he-shes,† â€Å"lesbian man-beasts,† and â€Å"butch, big— definitely gay† (p. 8). This study will aid inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie s The Night As Hope Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesintertwined in her presentation through personal narratives. The first however was the most impactful on Adichie’s feminist identity. She discusses a childhood friend, Okoloma, and how he had called her a feminist. However, Adichie knew that this was not meant as a complimen t, but instead as, â€Å"a supporter of terrorism.† This inspired her to investigate her own feminist identity. However, she quickly found she was many things that were not stereotypically feminist. Many told her it was un-African becauseRead MoreIntersectionality And Social Interequality1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntersectionality is defined as the idea that social identities are created based on the manner in which our multiple group identities intersect. Intersectionality as a theory asserts that each element of identity is linked together to form one individual’s identification. The term intersectionality was created by feminist legal scholar Kimberlà © Williams Crenshaw. 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Luhrmann and Zefferelli comparison as directors Essay Example For Students

Luhrmann and Zefferelli: comparison as directors Essay Both Luhrmann and Zefferelli got their point across to the viewer very well using mise en scene as Zefferelli was nominated as best-director for an Oscar and Luhrmann nominated for an Oscar too. Zefferelli has directed many films in his career, including Hamlet, The Champ and La Boheme, which were all very successful. Luhrmann has directed other films such as Moulin Rouge and Strictly Ballroom, both very successful. Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zefferelli both wrote for the younger audience of their day, although today many think that Zefferellis work is old and boring. Both directors were very successful in their day Luhrmann still is today. Mise en scene is everything in a camera shot but when we analyse it we have to break it down into its six sections. These are, costume; make-up; figure positioning; setting; lighting and props, also it is necessary to analyse cinematography and sound and music as well. By analysing mise en scene in this way we now have a clearer idea of the effect the director wanted to achieve. For example if the director wants to create a sense of fear the actor would have white make-up on their hands and face so the viewer can see they are cold and scared. Costume and Make-up are both important in portraying the day and age of the time the film is supposed to be set in. Both Zefferelli and Luhrmann directed their versions of Romeo and Juliet at people aged around fifteen to thirty at the time of release. There is an immense difference though because when Zefferelli released his version it was about twenty or thirty years before Luhrmann released his. The costume that Luhrmann uses is a contrast to what Zefferelli uses, although they have some similarities, one family wears dark clothes the other bright à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in Luhrmanns version the Montagues wear bright and the Capulets wear dark, Zefferelli decided to have it the other way around. In Luhrmanns version the Montague boys wear very loud modern shirts with loose trousers and coloured hair, this signifies that the Montagues are very relaxed and cool among the city. The Capulet boys are the opposite of this and wear dark coloured waistcoats and leather jackets with a shirt underneath bearing a picture of Jesus and overall they have a very Hispanic look, this costume portrays that they are religious and that they like to look powerful among others. The Hispanic look gives the effect that they are a bit evil. Tybalt wears shoes with a metal heel, which signifies that he likes to think of himself as hard and the leader of the Capulet boys. A Montague has dark make-up around his eyes, which shows that he is always in fights. Old Montague and Lady Montague, along with Old Capulet and Lady Capulet, all wear very expensive and posh clothing, signyfiying that the lead their family and it shows their power. The Police Chief and his officers wear the traditional Police uniform bearing their rank, which signifies their power and authority over others. The Nuns at the petrol station, the woman at the petrol station and the newsreader all wear neutral colours, brown and red, to show that they are innocent and not part of the brawls amongst the Montague and Capulet families. In Zefferellis version, the colours of the costume are reversed, meaning the Capulets are wearing bright clothes, looking like medieval jesters and the Montagues are dressed in dark blues and blacks which suggest that they are peaceful and the Capulets want the attention as they also started the fight. Tybalt wears the same colours as the Capulets, but underneath his bright waistcoat he wears more posh clothes than the other Capulets. The Capulet and Montague parents both wear posh clothes with a velvet cape over the top. They are both dark coloured outfits. The Prince and his men all dress very smartly and wear the colour dark red, to symbolise that they are neutral along with the townspeople in the market who wear light blues and browns. Setting and props are used in Romeo and Juliet to create effect: Luhrmann and Zefferelli both use them to show what they want the viewer to perceive them as. In Lurhmans adaptation there is a complete black room with a television in the middle, this s to direct your attention to the newsreader on the Television so you are not distracted. The busy city that is shown, just like the busy marketplace in Zefferellis version, depicts the danger and innocence of the townspeople and that they are involved in a brutal battle when they dont want or need to be. When we see the Montague boys driving down the road, it is as if they are driving to where the action will take place, the Petrol station à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the main setting for the action, as this is a neutral place. Like the market place used by Zefferelli, a place where innocent people get involved in the fighting. The view of the Capulet and Montague skyscrapers are separated, this signifies to the viewer that the city is divided into two, half Montague and half Capulet. This also occurs in Zefferellis version because the Capulets come through on street and the Montagues another: therefore they meet in the marketplace, the heart of the action. The weapon rooms in the Montague and Capulet castles are filled with the families weapons. This shows that they are ready to fight and want to fight. Props used in the opening sequence are the guns that are used in the fight, sword in Zefferellis version: this clearly shows that each family is willing to kill the other family, to make their family the best. The match and the cigar that Tybalt has, shows that he is more sophisticated, as he doesnt smoke just a common cigarette. The sign at the petrol station that says CAPULATE VERSUS MONTAGUE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2ND CIVIL BRAWL is seen whilst on fire to signify that that news is old and there has been now a 3rd civil brawl. Opening scenes of films EssayThe princes horsemen position themselves quite spread out to create a big as gap as possible between the Montagues and Capulets as they seize fighting. The lighting aspect of mise en scene enhances the image that we create in our minds whilst watching a film. The significance of the room being dark and the only light coming from the television is to draw your attention to the newsreader. The view of each families parents getting out of their limousine is in the dark at night time which suggests that they are evil and want to destroy the other family, and also as Old Capulet and Old Montague are in shop with a dark background after the fight suggests they have sinned. There is a lot of light in the shot where the Montagues are shown driving, which signifies that they are the good guys between the two families and also that they are more relaxed. As the Capulets pull onto the forecourt of the petrol station in a moving shot, which follows the Capulets car moving towards the camera, there is a dark shadow around the bottom of the car, this indicates the darkness and evil of the Capulet boys. The Capulet boys stay around the petrol station shop area where it is considerably darker than where the Montague are parked, nearer the road in the light, this also indicates that the Capulets are darker and more evil and the Montagues are the more calm and cool, of the two. The fire of the burning petrol station leaves a black cloud over the city, the purpose of this is that it shows evil and darkness. In Zefferelli adaptation the lighting does not differ often as it is daytime in the marketplace and everything is filmed around that area. As the fighting is in progress, the dust from the market floor is stirred and creates a dark effect, which symbolises danger to the innocent townspeople. The last aspect that you have to look at to analyse a film fully is cinematography, this is what the camera does à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" its movement etc. The camera slowly zooms into the television, this is important because it slowly gets you involved in the film. The quick flashes of the city and what happened after the fighting grab your attention immediately. Frozen camera shots of each character introduces you to them, to ensure you know your character from the start and do not miss any important parts whilst trying to work out who is who. The quick E. C. Us of Tybalt and BV eyes signify the fear and tension between the two of them. The C. Us of guns shows that the Capulets and Montagues are armed and dangerous and the M. Ss and L. Ss of them using their guns shows they are not afraid to use them. The L. S to M. S zoom, to between the Montague and Capulet buildings shows how separated and apart the families are. The slow motion C. U through Tybalts sniper scope reassures us that he wants to kill. Zefferelli uses basic camera shots, like using a dolly to follow the Capulets through the market place. Also Zefferelli uses the tilt: the shot shows the Capulets feet as they walk further on, the camera moves up the Capulets body as they walk further. Another shot uses the M. S whilst the fights are going on, these shots are more than likely the most up to date shots of the time. In conclusion to thisanalytical essay on the comparison of Baz Luhrmanns and Franco Zefferellis adaptations of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I can conclude that every film, television programme and play involves every aspect of mise en scene and has been thought about a great deal by the irector, as he tries to impress, amaze and create a powerful effect to the audiences that watch. When the six aspects of mise en scene are explored fully the viewer gets a clearer picture of what the effect the director was trying to create. In my opinion, as a teenager, I prefer Baz Luhrmanns adaptation is better and more interesting than Franco Zefferellis. This is because Luhrmanns version is mordern to me and in this day and age there are guns so Luhrmann substitutes swords with guns. Also it is more powerful and Luhrmann has adapted the script slightly so that it is more mordern to what Shakespeare would have used. I also like Luhrmanns version better because of the technology used there is more different types of camera shots and more mordern props can be used. The main part of Luhrmanns version that draws me to it is the powerful music that he uses at the start while some shots of the film are flashing through. Zefferellis version would have appealed to a teenager thirty years ago but now it doesnt because there was not as much technology in those days also the music at the start is very old fashioned and would put most people of today off at the very start.

METAPHYSICS Essays (118 words) - Philosophy, Metaphysicians

METAPHYSICS THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE AND BEYOND The complex knowledge of metaphysics ? once comprehended ? is capable of helping an individual reach self-realization. Aristotle, a renowned man of thinking, conjured metaphysics to help understand the theories of intelligence - - it's core of existence and where it comes from, truth, and cause. The Greek philosopher provided text and concepts solely purposed to explicitly describe the purpose of man and his actions. Hence, obtaining this newfound information, I've been bestowed with an enlightened way of thinking, and a new prospect of life itself. With his new outlook, entering into a new career ? a significant change in my life ? I am able to take on the new role with a more positive and steady manner.

French Attributive Adjectives - Adjectifs épithètes

French Attributive Adjectives - Adjectifs à ©pithà ¨tes Attributive adjectives are used to describe or emphasize some attribute (characteristic) of the noun they modify. Known as à ©pithà ¨tes in French, attributive adjectives are a subcategory of qualifying (descriptive) adjectives. The defining characteristic of attributive adjectives is that they are joined to the noun they modify - immediately preceding or following it with no verb in between. une jeune fille  Ã‚  Ã‚  young girlun nouveau livre  Ã‚  Ã‚  new bookune question intà ©ressante  Ã‚  Ã‚  interesting questionun restaurant cà ©là ¨bre  Ã‚  Ã‚  famous restaurant An attributive adjective emphasizes some aspect of the noun which is essential to the meaning of the noun but not necessarily to the sentence. That is, the à ©pithà ¨te can be dropped without changing the essential meaning of the sentence: Jai achetà © un nouveau livre rougeJai achetà © un nouveau livreJai achetà © un livre Both nouveau and rouge are attributive adjectives, and both can be dropped without hurting the essential meaning of the sentence: I bought a book. Including new and red simply provides additional information about the book that I bought. Types There are three types of attributive adjectives: Épithà ¨te de nature - indicates a permanent, inherent qualityun pà ¢le visage - pale faceune pomme rouge - red appleÉpithà ¨te de caractà ¨re - describes an individual, distinguishing qualityun cher ami - dear friendun homme honnà ªte - honest manÉpithà ¨te de circonstance - expresses a temporary, current qualityune jeune fille - young girlun garà §on triste - sad boy Agreement Attributive adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. Placement Like all descriptive French adjectives, the majority of à ©pithà ¨tes follow the noun they modify. However, à ©pithà ¨tes precede the noun when: the adjective noun is considered a single unit of meaningthe adjective is describing rather than qualifying (limiting) the meaning of the nounit just sounds better As you can see, there are no hard and fast rules for determining whether an à ©pithà ¨te should precede or follow the noun it modifies, but there are some general guidelines that can help: Precede the noun Follow the noun pithtes de nature pithtes de circonstance Figurative or subjective meaning Literal or objective meaning Size and beauty(petit, grand, joli...) Other physical qualities(rouge, carr, costaud...) Single-syllable adjective +multi-syllable noun Multi-syllable adjective +single-syllable noun Ordinal adjectives(premier, deuxime...) Categories + relationships(chrtien, franais, essentiel...) Age(jeune, vieux, nouveau...) Present participles and past participlesused as adjectives (courant, lu...) Goodness(bon, mauvais...) Modified adjectives(un raisin grand comme un abricot)

Teacher Misbehavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Teacher Misbehavior - Essay Example As Lewis and Riley (2009), â€Å"The way some teachers respond to the stress integral to their chosen profession is by interacting with students in a way that can be conceptualised as misbehaving† (p. 417). Teachers’ behavior towards students and their way of interaction becomes negative due to stress or any other reason, which is termed in today’s world as ‘teacher misbehavior’. Teacher misbehavior is not just linked to decreased interaction between students and teachers due to teachers’ inappropriate behaviors. Rather, it is also linked with an overall downward shift in the classroom management behaviors and instructional skills of teachers. A stressed or indolent teacher is not able to focus his/her attention on his/her professional roles and responsibilities in the way an effective teacher can. It is due to the fact that stress, incompetence, and thinking about personal issues at the workplace make a person unable to deliver his/her best no matter to what professional field he/she belongs to. A teacher may show abrupt behaviors due to many reasons. In today’s professional settings, salary and working environment are two such factors that can cause a person to show misbehavior at the workplace. Teachers, who feel stressed either due to salary issues or school climate, become unable to teach their students using appropriate instructional techniques because their mind does not let them focus their attention towards their professional duties (Sava, 2002). As the result of this, teachers start taking their professional responsibilities as granted and become unable to do justice with their roles and responsibilities. This inability to do justice with professional roles and responsibilities leads to inappropriate behaviors both with students in classrooms and with colleagues at the staffroom, which is known as teacher misbehavior in the educational settings. As Sava (2002) states, â€Å"teachers who

The relationship between the ozone hole and the world corporate Research Paper

The relationship between the ozone hole and the world corporate pollution - Research Paper Example The nineteenth century and the earlier half of the twentieth century was a time of relative innocence (some would say ignorance) of how industrial processes would be affecting the environment we live in. People thought that the atmosphere, oceans, and rainforests of the world were limitless and unchanging. It is only during the 1960s and thereafter that serious inquiry into the effects of human activity on the ecology was conducted. Ozone is a molecule comprised of three atoms of oxygen, rather than the usual 2 atoms. It therefore has the symbol O3. The word â€Å"ozone† comes from the Greek word â€Å"ozein† meaning â€Å"smell†, because of its pungent odour. It was discovered in 1839 by Christian Friedrich Schà ¶nbein, when he detected a by-product of electrical discharges. It was only in the early twentieth century, however, when ozone was determined to be found in large quantities in the stratosphere (Reid, 2000). Most popular literature deal with the ozone hole, located over the Antarctic in the stratospheric level. This indicates a thinning of ozone in the place where it does the most good. It became so depleted in certain areas as a reaction to the pollutants released in the air by industrial processes, and in the household by the use of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemical products. Very few, however, know that ozone has been accumulating in a layer closer to the ground than the stratosphere, namely the troposphere. Closer to the earth, ozone is a poisonous substance and where it would touch the earth, it may cause deaths and damage to the lungs. The first relationship depicted above shows the formation of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, its proper location for greatest benefit. The ozone has varying effects on different types of ultraviolet radiation. UV-C, the ultraviolet ray with the shortest wavelength is the type most effectively screened, while UV-A, which has the longest wavelength, is that which passes straight through

Interpersonal and written communication techniques Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and written communication techniques Essay Lip-reading: One skill that I have not fully develop to make me more employable in the I.T industry is the lip reading technique. Lip reading is the movement of lips and tongue; body language and facial expressions add to this technique, as it helps you to lip read better. With this technique I learnt that you have to look at the way a person stresses their speech, the rhythm and phrasing when trying to lip read. A good thing that I find about lip reading is that it provides a method of communication for deafened people. However, I found it quite difficult to lip read, because you have to pay full attention and look at lip shape and movement at all times, preventing me from concentrating. This technique is useful because it is a means of communication for the severely or totally deafened people. I also found this technique difficult to use because not all words are easy to read, some people mumble or even covered their hands when they were talking. This prevented me to lip read exactly what they say. I can further improve on this technique, by practising it over and over again, as it takes time and patience. Through this I will also be improving my confidence and strengthening my communication ability. Body language: I have developed my method of body language to make myself more employable to the i.t industry. Body language is the non-verbal signals as a method of communication through stance, gestures, facial expression etc. It also builds better relationships at home or at school. Some people may find it difficult to use body language in order to communicate, because they might find it hard to understand their gestures or facial expressions to convey what they are trying to say. This technique is useful and important in order to send the right message and to be able to read the signals the other person is sending back. Spoken communication is essential, as well as body language and facial expressions. By giving of natural body language, you are  showing that you are paying complete attention to what the employer is saying. Barriers to communication: I have develop the skill of barriers to communications. I developed this by making sure that I did not make the audience bored with my presentation. I did this by projecting my voice, so that it was loud and clear for the audience to hear and understand. Also, I made sure that my mobile phone was switched off, to avoid any distractions whilst presenting my presentation. This is a good skill to have because when communicating because when in a Conversation you are showing that you are paying full attention to everything they are saying. Positive language: I have developed the skill of using positive gesture. For example, having a smile on my face can make the other person feel more comfortable with what they are trying to say. I have also been using a genuine, formal tone of voice when addressing my peers, which makes me come across as someone with a positive attitude. I used ‘nodding’ as a form of positive language when someone was talking or explaining something to me. This shows that I am in agreement with what they are trying to say. In some conversations I may have summarised what they said to show that I have been listening to what they have said. Negative language: I have developed the skill to avoid using negative language with the improvement in my positive language. The use of negative language when communication with another person can make them feel really uncomfortable, this may also make them not want to talk to you. I stopped using negative facial expressions, to make myself come across more positively than negatively. I respond to people even if I have no interest in what they are saying. Types of questions: This is one of the skills that I have not improved on. I don’t tend to ask open questions when in a conversation. When I am not interested in a conversation I tend to either say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to questions. This stops the conversation from flowing and shows my lack of interest. This technique can be improved/developed by avoiding the use of closed questions, because it  may show that you don’t want to be a part of that particular conversation and want it to end by giving dull replies. Speed of response: The speed of response technique depends on what the question or conversation is about. There may be some questions that I might be asked that require time to think to be able to give a clear respond to what they have asked. However, in some particular conversations my speed of response is quite fast, because I am aware of what to say. So, my speed of response depends completely on what the conversation or questions are about. Written communication skills: Capitalisation: A skills that I have improved in written communication is capitalisation. I have improved on this skill by always ensuring that I always use capital letters when writing a letter or important emails as it is essential and makes the letter or email look more professional. Capital letters are use at the start of sentences, names and country names. They are also used abbreviations for UK, USA etc. The idea of capitalisation is to make sure your sentences are clear. They can also be used for emphasis, you could capitalise words within your work and in order to emphasise your opinion. It may be difficult to read over your work to check that you have added capital letters if you are in a rush. Structure: One of the skills that I have not developed in written communication is structure, because I find it time consuming to structure a piece of writing. However, it is important to structure your piece of writing so that it makes sense. You will be able to order your writing in order of importance. Ordering your writing is important, because the reader may not understand your writing. I can further improve on this skills by making sure that I order and structure my work neatly as I go along, instead of leaving to the end, which makes it more time consuming. If I don’t do this then I am making it more difficult for myself trying to figure out what I have written. Smileys: I have improved on this skills, because I am able to use smileys and  emotions, which makes the conversation flow more effectively. However they are only used informally and not it letters. They can change the mood of you’re writing to show what mood you are in. It is also easier to get messages across to the other person. It is easier to show excitement or sarcasm with the use of emotions. They can also be used for advertisements, which can make the poster look more interesting and can easily grab the reader’s attention. However, they are not to be used in letters or in important emails, as it might give a bad impression of you, and you may not be taken seriously. Therefore, it is important to improve on this technique, as you should be aware of when you should or should not use these informal methods of communicating. Proof reading/spelling/grammar: I have not improved on the technique of proof reading my spelling and grammar after writing a letter or email. I think it would be important to improve on this technique as my letter would look more professional. Sending a letter or email that has poor spelling and poor use of grammar, shows your lack of interest and you will not be taken seriously. I can further improve on this technique by taking time out to proof read my work before sending it out. Proof reading my work can make a huge difference, because I will be taken more seriously if my letter is written in a more professional manner. Alternative viewpoints: I have not improved on the technique of giving or taking on board alternative viewpoints. I think it is a good idea to maybe take on board alternative viewpoints given to me by other people, so that I try more than one way of dong certain tasks. I think I can improve on this technique by giving other people my alternative viewpoints. In this way it shows that I have been listening to what the other person has been saying. By taking on board other the viewpoints of other people will help me to improve on my work. However, it may be difficult to grasp, because I rarely ever take on alternative viewpoints. Note taking: I have improved on the technique of note taking since September. I have improved on this skill, as I had started to take notes of important topics discussed during class discussions. Also I have started to highlight the key  facts on the hand-outs that were given to me. So that I focus mainly on the key points. This made it easier for me when it came to revision, because I knew exactly what I had to revise on for the exam. I also annotated the points on the hand outs, so that I am aware of what it means when I come to revise on that topic, as I am able to clearly understand it with extra detail. Guidelines: I have improved on the technique of using guidelines when doing my work. In September when starting my ict btec course, I downloaded the assignment brief for each unit. I always had the assignment brief out whenever I did a task, to help me understand what I have got to do to achieve the task clearly with step to step instructions given of everything I need to add in order to pass the task. Having improved on this technique was useful, because it gave me extra information of what the course is about, the deadlines for each task etc. Using the assignment brief made me more independent as I didn’t need to constantly ask my teacher for help.

Tom Sawyer Abroad Essay -- Essays Papers

Tom Sawyer Abroad In Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom Sawyer and Nat Parsons (who was postmaster of the village) always told about the adventures they had been on. They were always trying to tell the best stories, so that the people of the town would listen and become interested in them. But Nat Parsons went to Washington and when he came back he told about the exciting things that happened. Soon Nat got all the people’s attention, and Tom became jealous and wanted to do more adventurous things than Nat so that he could tell stories about it. Not long after Tom’s longing for adventure, there was talk about a big hot air balloon that was flying across the ocean to Europe. A professor, who made the balloon, was going to ride in it. The balloon was coming to town, and Tom, his friend Huck Finn, and his black friend Jim just had to see it. They went to the edge of town and gazed at it with awe. Other people that had come to view the large balloon were laughing at the professor saying that a balloon could not fly across the ocean. Tom, Jim, and Huck climbed aboard the boat-like structure that was attached to the bottom of the balloon, so that they could take a better look at the flying balloon. Suddenly the balloon took off in the air with them and the professor in it. Tom was very excited about this, and soon the professor taught him how to steer the ship and land it. The professor went crazy due to all the people making fun of him, and one night during a st...

Analysis of Arthur Miller’s Presentation of Abigail Essay

Arthur Miller wrote the play â€Å"The Crucible† in 1953 which was in the middle of the McCarthy political ‘witch-hunt’ in America. However the story had appealed to the playwright for many years, therefore ‘The Crucible’ can be described as a political parable as it was inspired by the decade of McCarthyism. Miller wrote the play set in an area of Massachusetts called Salem in 1692 where some adolescent girls were dabbling with supernatural powers and witchcraft. They were eventually jailed and the jails were filled with men and women accused of witchcraft. Ultimately twenty people ended up hung. The inhabitants of Salem were rigid in their interpretation of the Bible, believing in witches and the Devil. They believed also that the Bible instructed them that witches must be hanged. This relates to the McCarthy trails that were happening in the USA during the 1950s as the trails were about the admission of adherence to communism, consequently witnesses were brought before the committee to name names. This naming approach was very similar to the process of witch trials; Miller then began to relate this to the public confessions as parallel with the naming of names at Salem in 1692. Subsequently Arthur Miller wrote a play in relation to this and uses Abigail to convey similar ideas to the McCarthy Trials in the 1950s. In the McCarthy trails the only way to clear your name was to name members of the extremist party, but even still a person’s reputation would be extremely tarnished. Therefore I will be looking at the presentation of Abigail and how it conveys this idea, in relation to the McCarthy Trials. During the beginning of Act One we discover Abigail is a girl who can’t be trusted and people don’t believe her. Paris refers to her as a ‘child’ so she is assumed as being young and questioned over how she can make up so many lies. From being referred to as a ‘child’ the audience makes an assumption that Abigail acts younger than her age and there is immense significance of this quote as she is referred to as a ‘child’ more than once and by different characters. Abigail has endless capacity for dissembling so she is a brilliant liar and doesn’t know when to stop. Her lies in this particular scene appear not to be very convincing as she is worried and anxious; hence she is lying for a way out. From this Abigail could be presented to be small and weak as she is forced to sit in a chair while Parris towers over her and doesn’t take any action of rejection. Parris is threatening Abigail to tell the truth as she is a compulsive liar; consequently it is extremely hard to get her to tell the truth. Our impression of Abigail develops later on in Act One as she loses her innocence since she becomes no longer believable to the audience, her lies are over looked by them as they realise she is withholding the truth. When Proctor enters Abigail starts to become nervous which is highlighted from her reaction whilst she is alone with him and he says ‘Ah, your wicked yet, aren’t y’! ‘ Abigail reacts with a nervous ‘laughter’ and becomes frightened of Proctor. Consequently Proctor acts powerful and continues to act powerful and dominant towards Abigail by forcefully saying ‘child’ to Abigail to give recognition of her still being a child, this is the second time that Abigail has been called a ‘child’ by different characters highlighting the importance. While Abigail does react angrily and infuriately to appear powerful and gain control over Proctor, her reactions are childish, she moans when she doesn’t get her own way, so she acts like a little ‘child’ which is why she is being called a ‘child’. This part of the play is foreshadowing events to come, we know that she is going to eventually turn wicked and evil so her innocence is lost as we realise that she will later turn wicked as the wickedness can be used as a way out. When Abigail is alone with the girls she takes control of them and becomes the leader of the group and the girls begin to look to her for an answer so they look up to her. They follow her lead so she has the power of the group. She gains this power of the girls by saying ‘I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. ‘ Abigail threatens the other girls so they are so frightened of her that they follow her lead, this becomes clear nearing the end of Act Three. The word ‘shudder’ is onomatopoeia and this adds dramatic affect and gives you a real sense of the word and makes it come to life and sound real. It is this word order which Miller uses that makes you really think that this is going to happen if the other girls do not obey her. The adjectives used during this statement from Abigail are ‘black’ then ‘terrible’ and ‘pointy’ these are all threatening adjectives and are the type of words that you would visualize when a murder was taking place so this intensifies their anxiety. During this scene the audience discover just how devious and manipulative she can be, in this instance she shows this by being threatening and dangerous to the other girls. Danger changes sides towards the end of Act One during Abigail’s questioning as she starts to become frantic. She begins rushing out excuses as quickly as possible to conceal her lies, as she comes dangerous close to being exposed. Abigail is scared of the fact that if people don’t believe her, then she will be caught in the act of lying, she is anxious about this. Furthermore Hale says ‘perhaps some bird invisible to others comes to you’ thus implying an insight to the deviousness of Abigail. This provides inspiration later for Act Four; therefore implying Abigail is not innocent and is an untrustworthy character with a deeper meaning, perhaps Abigail is lying. Abigail proceeds out of this situation by catching on to the circumstances there are in hand and uses them as weapons to propose the excuse of making herself look like the victim in this entirety. Consequently people can’t accuse her, which because of her selfish behaviour leads her on to accusing Tituba by saying ‘She makes me drink blood! ‘ This describes Abigail’s destructive nature and the deviousness of Abigail’s thinking put into practice. From this I can call Abigail opportunistic as she has seen a way out; she has explored it and taken it. While this is selfish behaviour, it is certainly a very clever move by Abigail to relieve some of the pressure from her and give her a chance to think about what she is going to say next. The audiences’ response from this action taken by Abigail is that it is ludicrous that she can accuse somebody and say a few words and make the court believe her. This links in with the McCarthy trials because all the court was interested in was names and they were so desperate for a name that once one was named with a motive they seized it.

Analysis Of Plato s Apology And Crito Essay - 1857 Words

Final Paper The word â€Å"philosophy† can be defined as someone’s theory as to how one should live their life. For Socrates, in Plato’s Apology and Crito, the concept of the human soul drives the actions in which he lives his life. His view of the purpose for one’s actions differs from that of his fellow Athenians, who viewed physical pleasures – money, status, power – as the most important objectives in life. Within his own argument to the Athenian jury against the importance of bodily pleasures, Socrates relates himself to Achilleus, a warrior in Homer’s Iliad, whose philosophies heavily coincide with the Homeric era: honor and glory are the motivating factors for how people should live their lives. For both groups of Greeks, the motivation for their actions heavily revolved around their self-interest; however, their reasoning is what differentiates them from each other. For the Homeric Greeks, honor centered as their motivation; though, men co uld not fulfil their desires without the justification from others. For Socrates, only through reason and rational investigation can one achieve their individual goal of preserving the soul. Even though each belief system differs in objective, and the avenue in which it is obtained, both philosophies center around the same thing: self-benefit. Classic Greek cities such as Athens greatly developed and altered their philosophies of life from the that of the Homeric age and the Trojan war depicted in the Iliad. For the men at theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. 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